Bloodwork, in the open.

Reference range: <100 Desirable range <100 mg/dL for primary prevention; <70 mg/dL for patients with CHD or diabetic patients with > or = 2 CHD risk factors. LDL-C is now calculated using the Martin-Hopkins calculation, which is a validated novel method providing better accuracy than the Friedewald equation in the estimation of LDL-C. Martin SS et al. JAMA. 2013;310(19): 2061-2068 (http://education.QuestDiagnostics.com/faq/FAQ164)

Below Average Risk: <2.28Average Risk: 2.29-4.90Moderate Risk: 4.91-7.12High Risk: >7.13

For patients with diabetes plus 1 major ASCVD risk factor, treating to a non-HDL-C goal of <100 mg/dL (LDL-C of <70 mg/dL) is considered a therapeutic option.

Reference RangeOptimal <1.0Jellinger PS et al. Endocr Pract.2017;23(Suppl 2):1-87.For ages >17 Years:hs-CRP mg/L Risk According to AHA/CDC Guidelines<1.0 Lower relative cardiovascular risk.1.0-3.0 Average relative cardiovascular risk.3.1-10.0 Higher relative cardiovascular risk. Consider retesting in 1 to 2 weeks to exclude a benign transient elevation in the baseline CRP value secondary to infection or inflammation.>10.0 Persistent elevation, upon retesting, may be associated with infection and inflammation. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, et al. Markersof inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice:A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003; 107(3):499-511.

Homocysteine is increased by functional deficiency of folate or vitamin B12. Testing for methylmalonic acid differentiates between these deficiencies. Other causes of increased homocysteine include renal failure, folate antagonists such as methotrexate and phenytoin, and exposure to nitrous oxide.Selhub J, et al., Ann Intern Med. 1999;131(5):331-9.

Reference Range > or = 115 Risk Category: Optimal > or = 115 High <115 Cardiovascular event risk category cut points (optimal, high) are based on the AMORIS study, Walldius G et al. J Intern Med. 2004;255:188-205.

Reference Range <90 Risk Category:Optimal <90Moderate 90-129High > or = 130 A desirable treatment target may be<80 mg/dL or lower depending on therisk category of the patient includingpatients on lipid lowering therapies,patients with ASCVD, diabetes with >1risk factors, Stage 3 or greater CKD with albuminuria, or heterozygousfamilial hypercholesterolemia. ApoBrelative risk category cut points arebased on AACE/ACE and ACC/AHArecommendations (Grundy SM, et al.2019. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002;Handelsman Y, et al. 2020. doi:10.4158/CS-2020-0490).

Reference Range <0.77 Risk Category: Optimal <0.77 Moderate 0.77-0.95 High >0.95 Cardiovascular event risk category cut points (optimal, moderate, high) are based on the AMORIS study, (Walldius G, Jungner I. 2004 doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003. 01276.x)

Fasting reference interval

Not Reported: BUN and Creatinine are within reference range.

For the purpose of screening for the presence ofdiabetes: <5.7% Consistent with the absence of diabetes5.7-6.4% Consistent with increased risk for diabetes (prediabetes)> or =6.5% Consistent with diabetes This assay result is consistent with a decreased riskof diabetes. Currently, no consensus exists regarding use ofhemoglobin A1c for diagnosis of diabetes in children. According to American Diabetes Association (ADA)guidelines, hemoglobin A1c <7.0% represents optimalcontrol in non-pregnant diabetic patients. Differentmetrics may apply to specific patient populations. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes(ADA).

Vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2 indicates both endogenousproduction and supplementation. Vitamin D2, 1,25(OH)2is an indicator of exogenous sources, such as diet orsupplementation. Interpretation and therapy are basedon measurement of Vitamin D,1,25(OH)2, Total. This test was developed and its analyticalperformance characteristics have been determinedby Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, Chantilly, VA.It has not been cleared or approved by the FDA. Thisassay has been validated pursuant to the CLIAregulations and is used for clinical purposes.

This test was developed and its analytical performancecharacteristics have been determined by QuestDiagnostics Nichols Institute Chantilly, VA. It hasnot been cleared or approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration. This assay has been validated pursuantto the CLIA regulations and is used for clinicalpurposes.

This test was developed and its analytical performancecharacteristics have been determined by QuestDiagnostics Nichols Institute Chantilly, VA. It hasnot been cleared or approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration. This assay has been validated pursuantto the CLIA regulations and is used for clinicalpurposes.

Therapeutic target for gout patients: <6.0 mg/dL

This test was developed and its analytical performancecharacteristics have been determined by QuestDiagnostics Nichols Institute Chantilly, VA. It hasnot been cleared or approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration. This assay has been validated pursuantto the CLIA regulations and is used for clinicalpurposes.

The cutoff value of < or = 2 IU/mL represents the lowerlimit of quantification (LOQ) established by the assaymanufacturer (Beckman Coulter). While very low levelsof TgAb may not be clinically significant, anymeasurable TgAb above LOQ has the potential forinterference with Thyroglobulin assay. Themanufacturer of the assay found that 96% of theparticipants in a healthy population (no evidence ofthyroid or autoimmune disease) had TgAb levels below4 IU/mL.

Serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels are used todiagnose and monitor several rare inborn errors ofmetabolism, including methylmalonic aciduria. Theenzymatic conversion of MMA to succinic acid requiresvitamin B12 (adenosyl-cobalamin) as a cofactor. SerumMMA levels are also used for assessing functionalvitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is essential forfetal neurodevelopment, particularly early inpregnancy. Undiagnosed maternal vitamin B12 deficiencymay be associated with adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes,such as neural tube defects and intrauterine growthrestriction. Quest Diagnostics utilized Multi-Modal Decomposition(MMD) analysis to establish first and second trimester-specific MMA reference intervals in pregnancy, as givenbelow:MMA, First trimester (<13 wks gestation): 58-167 nmol/LMMA, Second trimester (13-23 wks gestation):63-241 nmol/L This test was developed and its analytical performancecharacteristics have been determined by QuestDiagnostics. It has not been cleared or approved by theFDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIAregulations and is used for clinical purposes.

This urine was analyzed for the presence of WBC, RBC, bacteria, casts, and other formed elements. Only those elements seen were reported.

Reference Range Low: <3.4 Borderline: 3.4-5.4 Normal: >5.4

For more information about eGFR visit https://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/gfr_calculator.eGFR(cr) = CKD-EPI Creatinine equation (2021)eGFR(cys) = CKD-EPI Cystatin C equation (2012)eGFR(cr-cys) = CKD-EPI Creatinine-Cystatin C equation (2021)

Reference Range < or = 18.4 Risk: Optimal < or = 18.4 Moderate NA High >18.4 Adult cardiovascular event risk category cut points (optimal, moderate, high) are based on Insulin Reference Interval studies performed at Quest Diagnostics in 2022.

Reference Range8 a.m. (7-9 a.m.) Specimen: 4.0-22.0

For additional information, please refer tohttp://education.questdiagnostics.com/faq/TotalTestosteroneLCMSMSFAQ165(This link is being provided for informational/educational purposes only.) This test was developed and its analytical performancecharacteristics have been determined by QuestDiagnostics Nichols Institute Chantilly, VA. It hasnot been cleared or approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration. This assay has been validated pursuantto the CLIA regulations and is used for clinicalpurposes.

This test was developed and its analytical performancecharacteristics have been determined by QuestDiagnostics Nichols Institute Chantilly, VA. It hasnot been cleared or approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration. This assay has been validated pursuantto the CLIA regulations and is used for clinicalpurposes.